Pasando de generación en generación: la empresa familiar latinoamericana es la Tierra de Tamara

This article indagates the story of three generations of Latino entrepreneurs –grandmother, mother, and son—with family businesses that flank both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. Across generations the "Tamara-Land" effect exists. To disambiguate, the narratives of these family businesses changed across generations, morphing from stories of effectuation to ones of causation. The grandmother living in Mexico embodied effectuation by "falling into" her entrepreneurial opportunities. Her story is one of necessity entrepreneurship because other opportunities were unavailable to her. The daughter in the story exhibits a mix of planning and improvisation. Although the daughter had a latent desire to pursue entrepreneurship, it became a viable option to earn a livelihood that reflected her intellectual interests. In the final series of vignettes, we find the grandson pursuing entrepreneurship in order to achieve his dream. Across generations, the entrepreneurs shift from characters in a grand narrative to becoming authors of their own story. This paper will be of interest to researchers of family business, particularly in Latin American and Latino Entrepreneurship, students of entrepreneurship, and scholars of storytelling. Este artículo indaga la historia de tres generaciones de emprendedores latinos –abuela, madre e hijo– con negocios familiares que flanquean ambos lados de la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México. A través de generaciones existe el efecto “La Tierra de Tamara”. Para eliminar la ambigüedad, las narrativas de estas empresas familiares cambiaron a través de generaciones, transformándose de historias de efectuación a historias de causalidad. La abuela que vive en México encarnó la efectividad al “caer en” sus oportunidades empresariales. Su historia es la de un emprendimiento necesario, porque otras oportunidades no estaban disponibles para ella. La historia de la hija exhibe una mezcla de planificación e improvisación. Aunque la hija tenía un deseo latente de emprender, esta oportunidad se covertiria en una opción viable para ganarse la vida que reflejaria sus intereses intelectuales. En la última serie de viñetas, encontramos al nieto emprendiendo el negocio para lograr su sueño. A lo largo de generaciones, los emprendedores pasan de ser personajes de una gran narrativa a convertirse en autores de su propia historia. Este artículo será de interés para los investigadores de empresas familiares, particularmente en el emprendimiento latinoamericano y latino, los estudiantes de emprendimiento y los estudiosos de la narración de historias

Restauration of age related motor impairment: role of IGF-1 based gene therapy and microglial activation

In the current study we implemented ICV IGF-1 gene therapy in very old rats (28 months) and assessed the motor performance pre and 17-days after surgery. Glial immunoreactivity in striatum was evaluated by Iba1 and GFAP markers.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Enzymatic Cross-Linking of Alkali Extracted Arabinoxylans: Gel Rheological and Structural Characteristics

Ferulated arabinoxylans were alkali-extracted from wheat bran at different incubation times (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 h). Wheat bran ferulated arabinoxylans (WBAX) arabinose-to-xylose ratio, ferulic acid content, intrinsic viscosity and viscosimetric molecular weight values decreased as the incubation time of extraction increased. WBAX enzymatic cross-linking capability was affected by incubation time while an increase in WBAX concentration from 5 to 6% (w/v) favored gelation. The WBAX gels formed presented a macroporous structure with mesh size ranging from 40 to 119 nm and hardness values varying from 1.7 to 5 N

Restauration of age related motor impairment: role of IGF-1 based gene therapy and microglial activation

In the current study we implemented ICV IGF-1 gene therapy in very old rats (28 months) and assessed the motor performance pre and 17-days after surgery. Glial immunoreactivity in striatum was evaluated by Iba1 and GFAP markers.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Propuesta estratégica de mejora en la implementación de los estándares mínimos del Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SG-SST) en la empresa bancolombia para el primer semestre del 2019.

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar propuesta de plan de mejora en el Sistema de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo SG-SST para la empresa Bancolombia sede Cartagena, que garantice un ambiente de trabajo seguro y saludable para sus empleados, La implementación del SG-SST en la empresa se hizo a partir de los cambios en el decreto 1072 de 2015 que recopiló todas las normas reglamentarias del trabajo en Colombia e hizo obligatorio que las compañías sin importar su tamaño deben contar con un sistema que incluye actividades políticas, procedimientos e indicadores entre otros, podemos decir que con la realización de este proyecto se logró presentar un plan de mejora en el Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo SG-SST a la empresa Bancolombia sede Cartagena por medio de acciones que complementan los estándares mínimos de evaluación donde se venía fallando y que está afectando la organización como lo es la rendición de cuentas, actividades de promoción y prevención en salud, información al médico de los perfiles de cada cargo, entre otros, con el fin de garantizar un ambiente de trabajo seguro y saludable para sus empleados, en el desempeño de sus labores.The objective of this work is to propose a plan for improvement in the Occupational Health and Safety System SG-SST for the Cartagena-based company Bancolombia, which guarantees a safe and healthy work environment for its employees. The implementation of the SG- SST in the company was made from the changes in decree 1072 of 2015 that copied all labor regulations in Colombia and made it mandatory that companies regardless of their size should have a system that includes political activities, procedures and indicators among others, we can say that with the realization of this project it was possible to present an improvement plan in the Occupational Health and Safety Management System SG-SST to the company Bancolombia, Cartagena, through actions that complement the minimum standards of evaluation where it has been failing and that is affecting the organization as it is the rendering of accounts, promotion and prevention activities In health, information to the doctor of the profiles of each position, among others, in order to ensure a safe and healthy work environment for their employees, in the performance of their work

Metabarcoding: A Powerful Yet Still Underestimated Approach for the Comprehensive Study of Vector-Borne Pathogen Transmission Cycles and Their Dynamics

The implementation of sustainable control strategies aimed at disrupting the transmission of vector-borne pathogens requires a comprehensive knowledge of the vector ecology in the different eco-epidemiological contexts, as well as the local pathogen transmission cycles and their dynamics. However, even when focusing only on one specific vector-borne disease, achieving this knowledge is highly challenging, as the pathogen may exhibit a high genetic diversity and multiple vector species or subspecies and host species may be involved. In addition, the development of the pathogen and the vectorial capacity of the vectors may be affected by their midgut and/or salivary gland microbiome. The recent advent of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies has brought powerful tools that can allow for the simultaneous identification of all these essential components, although their potential is only just starting to be realized. We present a metabarcoding approach that can facilitate the description of comprehensive host-pathogen networks, integrate important microbiome and coinfection data, identify at-risk situations, and disentangle the transmission cycles of vector-borne pathogens. This powerful approach should be generalized to unravel the transmission cycles of any pathogen and their dynamics, which in turn will help the design and implementation of sustainable, effective, and locally adapted control strategies

Reduced cytochrome P4501A activity and recovery from oxidative stress during subchronic benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[e]pyrene treatment of rainbow trout

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 254 (2011): 1-7, doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.015.This study assessed the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) affinity, and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein and activity in polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-­‐induced oxidative stress. In the 1-­‐100 nM concentration range benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) but not benzo[e]pyrene (BeP) competitively displaced 2 nM [3H]2, 3, 7, 8-­‐tetrachloro-­‐dibenzo-­‐p-­‐dioxin from rainbow trout AHR2α. Based on appearance of fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile over 3, 7, 14, 28 or 50 days of feeding 3 μg of BaP or BeP/g fish/day, rainbow trout liver readily excreted these polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their metabolites at near steady state rates. CYP1A proteins catalyzed more than 98% of ethoxyresorufin-­‐O-­‐deethylase (EROD) activity in rainbow trout hepatic microsomes. EROD activity of hepatic microsomes initially increased and then decreased to control activities after 50 days of feeding both PAHs. Immunohistochemistry of liver confirmed CYP1A protein increased in fish fed both PAHs after 3 days and remained elevated for up to 28 days. Neither BaP nor BeP increased hepatic DNA adduct concentrations at any time up to 50 days of feeding these PAHs. Comet assays of blood cells demonstrated marked DNA damage after 14 days of feeding both PAHs that was not significant after 50 days. There was a strong positive correlation between hepatic EROD activity and DNA damage in blood cells over time for both PAHs. Neither CYP1A protein nor 3-­‐ nitrotyrosine (a biomarker for oxidative stress) immunostaining in trunk kidney were significantly altered by BaP or BeP after 3, 7, 14, or 28 days. There was no clear association between AHR2α affinity and BaP and BeP-­‐induced oxidative stress.The Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and RO1ES006272 from the National Institute of Health supported this work